Brew Python 2

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By default MacOS ships with Python-2. But, I guess most of us have long back started to work with Python-3 and it is very irritating to run python3 every time instead of python in terminal. Here is how to do this. Open the terminal (bash or zsh) whatever shell you are using. Install python-3 using Homebrew (https://brew.sh). May 02, 2020 Step 2: Use brew to install the latest version of Python $ brew install python -verbose. Now you can run python3 in your terminal python3. More details: So what happens when I run brew install? When you run the command, brew will look for the package in the “formulae” list and run the installation script for the package. Installing Python 2.7 with Homebrew For Mac 10.8.x 1) Install XCode 4.4. Get it from the App Store. 2) Install Command Line Tools. In XCode's Preferences Downloads you can install command line tools. First, download the latest version of Python 2.7 from the official website. If you want to be sure you are installing a fully up-to-date version, click the Downloads Windows link from the home page of the Python.org web site. The Windows version is provided as an MSI package. To install it manually, just double-click the file.

For Mac 10.8.x

1) Install XCode 4.4

Get it from the App Store.

2) Install Command Line Tools

In XCode's Preferences > Downloads you can install command line tools.

3) Let Everyone Know Where XCode Is

4) Install X11

Visit http://xquartz.macosforge.org/trac/wiki and download and install 2.7.5+.

You will need to fix the symlink it makes:

5) Install homebrew

You may have to use sudo for this command.

6) Install python

Mountain Lion will still use the system-installed python, in /usr/bin. You want the new homebrew-installed python to be called first.

Include

Check the right python is being used:

Notes

You may need to specify the http proxy.

Some useful hints for installing: https://github.com/mxcl/homebrew/wiki/Installation

  • Warnings
  • Installation
  • PATH and .bash_profile
  • Homebrew - pyenv
  • Uninstall python
    • Homebrew

It’s easy to install multiple versions of python on a Mac computer using installers from python.org, Homebrew, Conda, or other sources. This could create conflicts if a user wants to run one version of python but bash calls a different version instead.

This is guide will show you how to:

  • modify your bash profile to change which version of python is called by bash first.
  • use virtual environments to specify a version of python that will run a project.
  • uninstall specific versions of python.

Mac OS needs python

DO NOT remove any versions of Python found in the following folders:

  • /usr/bin
  • system/Library

These versions of Python—which should be Python 2.7—are installed by Apple and used by Mac OS and other software to perform some functions. Deleting Python from these directories will break Mac OS and force you to reinstall it on your computer.

Other projects may need specific versions of python

You may have a python project or you may use python packages that require particular versions of Python. Uninstalling those versions would prevent those projects or packages from working until that version of python is reinstalled. For example, Python 3 is a dependency of Numpy; if you uninstalled Python 3, then Numpy wouldn’t work until you reinstalled Python 3.

Three common methods of installing python can be found here:

python.org

The python.org (python.org) installer can be found here.


Homebrew

First install Homebrew. The instructions are here, or enter the following command:


To install Python 3:

To install Python 2:


Anaconda

Anaconda is generally used for scientific and machine learning applications.

Brew Python 2 Tutorial

For Ananconda follow installation instructions here.


Miniconda is a stripped down version of Anaconda.

For Miniconda follow installation instructions here.


PATH

The path is a list of directories that your shell will look through when you execute a command. You can display the path on your computer using the echo $PATH command:

The directories above are separated by a colon, this is what they look like displayed in sequence:

  • /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin
  • /Users/username/anaconda3/bin
  • /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin
  • /Users/username/miniconda2/bin
  • /Users/username/miniconda3/bin
  • /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/bin
  • /usr/local/bin
  • /usr/bin
  • /bin
  • /usr/sbin
  • /sbin
  • /usr/texbin
  • /opt/X11/bin
  • /usr/X11/bin
  • /usr/local/git/bin

When you ask your shell to run a particular command or run an interpreter, python for example, the shell looks through the different directories listed in the PATH in order they’re presented above. When the shell finds that command, it stops and calls it even if there is another version of the same command, with the same name, further down in the list.

Brew

.bash_profile

The bash profile is a set of instructions that are run by the shell when the user logs in to bash. You can add a variety of preferences to the bash profile, including modifications to the PATH. When anaconda, miniconda or other versions of python are installed they automatically add paths to their respective versions of python to the top of the bash profile.

Bash reads the bash profile in sequential order — from top to bottom — and adds those paths to the PATH in the order that they’re read. This means that the last path at the bottom of the bash profile will end up as the first path in the PATH. This means that if you have Python 3.6 installed on your computer, and then decide to add python 3.7, but keep 3.6, the installer will add Python 3.7 to the top of the bash profile but it will end up after python 3.6 in the PATH. Entering python3 in bash will call python 3.6, not 3.7.

If that was confusing compare the order that the python paths are added to my bash profile below to the PATH listed above. You’ll notice that their respective orders are opposite from each other.

Enter the following command to open the bash profile in TextEdit:

My .bash_profile currently looks like this:

If you want to keep all of your installed versions of python, but want bash to open a different version first, just copy and paste it to the bottom of the bash profile. If you don’t want bash to run a particular version of python then delete it from bash profile and uninstall that version by following the instructions further down.

Don’t forget to save the bash profile before closing TextEdit. You also have to reload the bash profile in bash before any changes take effect. Just enter one of the following commands:

  • source ~/.bash_profile
  • . ~/.bash_profile

Pyenv is a Homebrew package that allows a user to install multiple versions of python in Homebrew and specify which version of python they’d like to run.

Install pyenv:

Install different versions of python:

Show which versions of python are installed:

The asterisk indicates that the system version of python is active, but 3.5.0 and 3.6.0 are also installed.


Pyenv Local

Create a folder called PythonLocalProject, then display the version of python called by bash by entering python -V:

Now enter:

This creates a .python-version file which tells pyenv which version of python to run in that directory.

Entering ls -la shows us that file:

Now enter pyenv versions:

And running this command shows which version of python is called by pyenv:

To change pyenv to the system version of version 3.6.0 enter:

This procedure is fine, you can set a version of python to run in a particular folder. But what if you want to use pyenv to set a global version of python.


Pyenv Global

Pyenv gives these instructions when you enter pyenv init in bash:


Open the bash profile:

  • open ~/.bash_profile

Add this text to the bottom of the file:

  • eval '$(pyenv init -)'

Save the file and then enter:

  • source ~/.bash_profile


Entering echo $PATH will show that a pyenv shim has been added to the beginnning of the path:

  • /Users/username/.pyenv/shims:

And which python will return:

  • /Users/username/.pyenv/shims/python

This means that bash will run the version of python set by pyenv.


Navigate to a folder that doesn’t have a .python-version file and enter:

This shows us that the global version of python is 3.6.0 and it is set by pyenv.

Brew Python 2 Download

So this shows that bash will run whichever version of python that is set in pyenv.


If you navigate back to the PythonLocalProject folder with the .python-version file and run python -V you will notice that it doesn’t run the global version of python, it runs whichever version was last set with the pyenv local command.



We can use the which command to identify where specific versions of python are located:

This shows some overlap as some versions of python appear in both searches.

The locations of the anaconda and miniconda versions of python are self explanatory, so are the pyenv installs, the python.org installer places python in the /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/ directory. Homebrew installs all packages, including python, in /usr/local/Cellar, then Homebrew adds a symlink to /usr/local/binso that its version of python can be found in the path. Finally, Apple installs python in /usr/bin. Remember, don’t delete that version.

Follow these instructions if you want to remove particular versions of python.

python.org

The python.org installer places all it’s installed files in the following folders:

  • The system applications folder, /Applications
  • /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework
  • /usr/local/bin

To delete all versions of python that were installed using the python.org installer, enter these commands in terminal:

To remove particular versions of python, you have to refer to the particular framework. The frameworks are installed in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework and particular versions are found in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/X.Y. So for example if you wanted to uninstall only version 3.5 but leave other versions you would enter the following commands in bash:


Homebrew

Brew

To uninstall python that was installed using homebrew you need to identify what versions of python have been installed by Homebrew:

Enter:

Currently brew refers to python3 as python and python 2 is called python@2.

To uninstall both python2 and python3 enter the following:

Homebrew will refuse to uninstall python if it has dependencies, just uninstall python and ignore the dependencies:

Or, add the dependencies to the list of items to be uninstalled:


Troubleshooting

It’s possible to have Homebrew’s Python directory at the beginning of the $PATH but calling python will still start the Apple installed version of Python or some other version. If that’s the case it’s possible that Homebrew’s Python install has become unlinked. This command will unlink and relink Python in Homebrew:

Brew Uninstall Python 2.7

Uninstall Python from Pyenv

To list versions of python installed using pyenv enter:

Brew Python 2020

To uninstall versions of python installed using pyenv enter:

Anaconda

The official removal instructions are found here, but deleting anaconda and miniconda is easy.

Anaconda and miniconda are installed in the users home directory: ~/miniconda2, ~/miniconda3,~/anaconda2, or ~/anaconda3

Depending on which version or versions you have, just enter the following commands:

Anaconda and miniconda also use several invisible files. Delete them by entering this command:


  • Python Removal Instructions - towards the bottom of the README file.

And now for something completely different.

Brew Python 2019